Thursday, 1 June 2017

வணிகவியல் பாடம் 5.நிறுமம் 2

5. epWkk; - 2

gFjp - m

I. rupahd tpiliaj; Nju;e;njLj;J vOJf.
1. xU epWkj;jpd; KjyhtJ ,af;Feu;fs;
m) rl;lKiwf; $l;lj;jpy; cWg;gpdu;fshy; M) KjyhtJ nghJf;$l;lj;jpy; cWg;gpdu;fshy; ,) epWkr; nray;Kiw tpjpfspd; ngau;fs; Fwpg;gplg;gLtjhy;
<) epakg; gjpthsuhy; epakpf;fg;gLfpwhu;.
2. xU ,af;Feu;
m) epWkj;jpd; Kftuhf   M) epWkj;jpid ngUk;ghz;ikau; my;;yJ ek;GWjpahz;ikauhf ,) epWkj;jpd; Kjd;ik epu;thf mjpfhupahf   
<) Nkw;nrhd;d midj;Jkhf nrayhw;Wfpwhu;.
3 . . . . . . . vz;zpf;iff;F kpfhj nghJ tiuaW epWkq;fspy; xNu Neuj;jpy; xU egu; ,af;Feu; gjtp tfpf;fyhk;     
m) 10                 M) 15           ,) 20                 <) tuk;gpy;iy
4. xU nghJtiuaW epWkj;jpy; ,af;feu; xUtu; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;ba jFjpg;gq;Ffspd; kjpg;G
m) &. 5000f;F M) &. 5>00>000f;F     ,) &. 50>000f;F    <) 500 f;F
5. nghJ tiuaW epWkj;jpy; xl;L nkhj;j Nkyhz;ik Cjpak;
m) epfu ,yhgj;jpy 11 % M) nrYj;jg;ngw;w Kjy; kw;Wk; nghJf;fhg;gpUg;Gj; njhifapy; 11 %             ,) epfu ,yhgj;jpy; 5% tpOf;fhl;il <) nrYj;jg; ngw;w Kjy; kw;Wk; nghJf;fhg;gpUg;Gj; njhifapy; 5%
6. epWkr; nrayu; xUtu;
m) murhy;       M) ,e;jpa epWkr; nrayu;fs; mikg;ghy;    
,) ,af;Feuitahy; <) Mz;Lg; nghJf;$l;lj;jpy; gq;Feu;fshy; epakpf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs;.

7. jFjp ngw;w epWkr; nrayiu epakpj;jy; fPo;fz;ltw;wpy; ve;epWkj;jpw;F fl;lhakhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ?
nrYj;jjg;gl;l gq;F Kjy;
m) &. 5>00>000f;F $Ljyhf ,Uf;Fk; epWkk;  
M) &.50>00>000f;F $Ljyhf ,Uf;Fk; epWkk;
,) &. 25>00>000 f;F $Ljyhf ,Uf;Fk; epWkk;
<) &.15>00>000f;F $Ljyhf ,Uf;Fk; epWkk;
8. fPo;fz;l epWkq;fSs; vJ rl;lKiw $l;lj;ij $l;lNtz;Lk;
m) rl;lKiw epWkk;     M) jdptiuaiw epWkk;
 ,) nghJtiuaiw epWkk; <) gl;il rhrd epWkk;
9.  ,U nghJ Mz;Lf; $l;lq;fSf;F ,ilNa cs;s ,ilntsp
m) 15 khjq;fSf;F Nky; nry;yf; $lhJ     M) 12 khjq;fSf;F Nky; nry;yf;$lhJ
,) 18 khjq;fSf;F Nky; nry;yf;$lhJ      <) 20 khjq;fSf;F Nky; nry;yf;$lhJ.
10. Mz;Lg; nghJf;$l;lj;ij fPo;fz;ltw;Ws; ve;j eltbf;if tof;fkhf Nkw;nfhs;sglkhl;lhJ.
m) jzpf;ifau; epakdk;                       M) fldPl;Lg; gj;jpu ntspaPL
,) gjtp tpyFk; ,lj;jpw;F ,af;Feiu epakpj;jy;        <) gq;fhjhak; tpsk;gy;
11.  rpwg;Gg; nghJf; $l;lj;ij ahu; $l;lyhk;?
m) epWkr; rl;l jPu;g;ghak; M) ,af;Feu; mit jhNd Kd;te;J my;yJ cWg;gpdu;fs; Ntz;LNfhis Vw;W ,) ,af;Feuit $l;lj; jtWk;nghOJ Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;NjhNuhyhNa<) Nkw;nrhd;d midtuhYk;
12. epWkj;jpd; Nkyhz;ik ,af;Feupd; Mz;L Cjpak; epfu ,yhgj;jpy; . . . . .  .tpOf;fhL$Ljyhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ
m) 10 %         M) 15%          ,) 5%           <) 12%
13. epWkj;jpd; NkyhsUf;F toq;Fk; Cjpak; Mz;bd; epfu ,yhgj;jpy; . . . . . . . .tpOf;fhl;bw;F Nky; ,Uf;f $lhJ
m) 3%                M) 5%                ,) 6%           <) 4%
14. xU epWkj;jpy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Nkyhz;ik ,af;Feu;fs; ,Ug;gpd; midtUil Cjpak; Nru;j;J  . . . . . . . tpOf;fhl;bw;F kpff; $lhJ
m) 15%          M) 8%                ,) 10%     <) 12%
15. xU nghJtiuaW epWkj;jpd; Kjy; $l;lk; . . . . . . MFk;
m) Mz;Lg; nghJf;$l;lk;  M) rl;lKiwf; $l;lk; 
,) ,af;Feu;fs; $l;lk;        <) rpwg;Gg; nghJf; $l;lk;

II. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf
1.   ,af;Feu;fs; epWkj;jpd;  .............. Tk; nghWg;GWjpahz;ikauhfTk;> mjpfhupfshTk; nray;gLfpd;wdu;
2.   gq;Feu;fs; epWkj;jpd; cz;ikahd ...........................
3.   epWkj;jpd; KjyhtJ ,af;Feu;fs; tof;fkhf ................... y; ngauplg;gl;bUg;gu;.
4.   nghJtiuaW epWkk; njhopy; njhlq;f cupik ngw;w ehspypUe;J rl;lKiwf; $l;lj;ij ...............f;Fs; ................f;F Nky; $l;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
5.   rl;lKiw mwpf;ifia epWk cWg;gpdu; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; $l;lk; eilngWk; ehSf;F .......................ehl;fSf;Fs; Kd;duhfNt mDg;gpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;
6.   ,U Mz;Lg; nghJf; $l;lq;fSf;F cs;s fhy ,ilntsp .................khjq;fSf;F kpff; $lhJ
7.   nray; Kiw tpjpfspy; khw;wk; nra;a ........................ jPu;khdk; epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
8.   gq;Feu; xUtUf;Fg; gjpyhf $l;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhs;s epakpf;fg;gLk; egu; ......................... vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.
9.   xU nghJ tiuaW epWkg; nghJf;$l;lj;jpy; fye;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba cWg;gpdu; Fiwntz; ....................... MFk;.
10.  xU $l;lk; nrYj;jj;jf;fjhf ,Uf;f tUif juNtz;ba Fiwe;jsT cWg;gpdu; vz;zpf;if ......................... vdg;gLk;
11.  nghJthf jzpf;ifau; .................. $l;lj;jpy; epakpf;fg;gl;L CjpaKk; epu;zapf;fg;gLk;.
12.  Mz;Lg; nghJf;$l;l mwptpf;ifia midj;J cWg;gpdUf;Fk; $l;l ehSf;F Fiwe;jJ ................ ehl;fSf;F Kd;duhtJ ju Ntz;Lk;.
13.  nray;Kiw tpjpfspy; Fwpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; ,af;Feu;fs; ........... ngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 
14.  epWkj;jpd; Kjy; ,af;Feu;fs; nray;Kiw tpjpfspy; Fwpf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;why; ...................  y; ifnahg;gkpl;ltu;fs; epWkj;jpd; Kjyhk; ,af;Feu;fs; Mthu;.
15.  xNu Neuj;jpy; xU egu; ....................  epWkq;fspy; ,af;Feuha; gjtp tfpf;fyhk;.
16.  rl;lKiwf; $l;lk; eilngWk; ehl;fSf;F Fiwe;jJ 21 ehl;fSf;Fs; .................... mwpf;ifia jahupj;J midj;J cWg;gpdUf;Fk; mDg;g Ntz;Lk;.
17.  epWkj;jpd; kpFe;j mjpfhuq;fisg; ngw;wpUf;Fk; ,af;Feu;. . . . . . ,af;Feu; vdg;gLtu;.
18.  xNu Neuj;jpy; xU Nkyhz;ik ,af;Feu;...............epWkq;fSf;F Nky; gzpahw;w KbahJ.
19.  xU epWkj;jpy; ...................  Nkw;gl;l Nkyhsu;fs; ,Uf;f KbahJ.
20.  $l;lj;jpy; itf;fg;gLk; Kd;nkhopit epiwNtw;wg;gl;lhy; mJ ................... MfpwJ.
21.  $l;lj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba eltbf;ifapd; tupir ....................

tpilfs;:
I.    1.epWkr; nray;Kiw tpjpfspy; ngau; Fwpg;gplg;gLtjhy; 2. Nkw;nrhd;d midj;Jkhf nrayhw;Wfpwhu;  3. 15 4. &. 5>000f;F 5. epfu ,yhgj;jpy; 11 % 6. ,af;Feu; mitahy;                   7. &. 50>00>000f;F $Ljyhf  ,Uf;Fk; epWkk; 8. nghJ tiuaW epWkk; 9. 15 khjq;fSf;F Nky; nry;yf; $lhJ 10. fldPl;Lg; gj;jpu ntspaPL 11. Nkw;nrhd;d midtuhYk; 12. 5% 13. 5% 14. 10% 15. rl;lKiwf; $l;lk;

II. 1.Kftu;fshfTk; 2. cupikahsu;fs; 3. nray;Kiw tpjpfs; 4. 6 khjq;fs;> 1 khjk; 5. 21> 6. 15 7. rpwg;Gj; jPu;khdk; 8. gfuhs; 9. 5 10. Fiwntz; 11. Mz;Lg; nghJf;$l;lj;jpy; 12. 21 13. jFjpg; gq;F14. mikg;G KiwNaL 15. 15 16. rl;lKiw 17.Nkyhz;ik 18. 2 19. xd;Wf;F.  20.jPu;khdk;   21. epfo;r;rp epuy;

gFjp - M
1. ,af;Feu;fs; epakpf;fg;gLk; Kiwfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1. epWkr; nray;Kiw tpjpfspy; ngau; Fwpg;gpLtjd; %yk;> KjyhtJ ,af;Feu; epakpf;fg;gLfpwhu;.
2.xt;nthU Mz;Lg; nghJf; $l;lj;jpYk; gq;Feu;fshy; ,af;Feiuj; Nju;e;njLj;J epakpf;fg;gLk;.
3.$Ljy; ,af;Feu;fisAk;> khw;W ,af;Feu;fisAk; ,af;Feuit epakpf;fyhk;.
4.nray;Kiw tpjpfs; mjpfhuk; toq;fpapUe;jhy; epWkj;jpw;F fld; mspj;jtu;fs; jq;fs; rhu;gpy; ,af;Feiu epakpf;fyhk;.
5.xU rpy Neuq;fspy; ika muRk;> ,af;Feiu epakpf;fyhk;.
2. rl;lKiwf; $l;lk; vd;why; vd;d?
     nghJ tiuaW epWkj;jpy; gq;Fjhuu;fSf;fhf Kjd; Kjypy; fl;lhak; $l;lg;gLk; $l;lk; rl;lKiwf; $l;lk;.
,f;$l;lj;ij njhopy; njhlf;fr; rhd;wpjo; ngw;w xU khj fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd;> MW khjj;jpw;Fs; $l;l Ntz;Lk;. epWkj;jpd; tho;ehspy; xU Kiw kl;LNk rl;lKiwf; $l;lk; eilngWk;.

3. rl;lKiw mwpf;if vd;why; vd;d?
      rl;lKiwf; $l;lj;jpd; 21 ehSf;F Kd;djhf cWg;gpdu;fSf;F mspf;f Ntz;ba mwpf;if rl;lKiw mwpf;ifahFk;.
      epWkk; ntspapl;l gq;Ffs; gw;wpa tptuq;fs;> gq;Ffs; kPJ ngw;w gzk;> ngWjy; nrYj;jy;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gw;wpa jfty;fis cs;slf;fpa xU mwpf;if rl;lKiw mwpf;ifahFk;.
4. rpwg;G nghJf; $l;lk; vg;NghJ $l;lg;gLfpwJ ?
     rl;lKiwf; $l;lj;ijAk;> Mz;Lg; nghJf;$l;lj;ijAk; jtpu epWkj;jpy; eilngWk; NtW ve;j nghJf;$l;lKk;> rpwg;Gg; nghJf;$l;lk; (mrhjhuz nghJf;$l;lk); vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
      xU mtrukhd nghUs; Fwpj;j jPu;khdj;ij me;j Mz;L nghJf; $l;lk; tiu js;spg; Nghl ,ayhj epiyapy; rpwg;Gg; nghJf; $l;lk; $l;lg; gLfpwJ.

5. rpwg;Gg; nghJf; $l;lj;ij ahu; $l;lyhk; ?
v  ,af;Feuit jhNd Kd;te;J rpwg;Gg; nghJf; $l;lj;ij $l;lyhk;.
v  epWk cWg;gpdu;fs; ,f;;$l;lj;ijf; $l;lhj NghJ epWkr; rl;l mit> jhNd Kd;te;J  $l;lyhk;.

6. gfuhs; vd;why; vd;d?
      xU epWkj;jpd; nghJf; $l;lj;jpy; jdf;Fg; gjpy; fye;Jnfhs;s gq;Feuhy; epakpf;fg;gLk; NtnwhU egu; gfuhs; Mthu;.
gfuhs; epWkf; $l;lj;jpy; thf;fspf;fyhk;> Mdhy; fUj;Jf;$w cupik ,y;iy.
     gfuhs; vd;Dk; nrhy; epWkf; $l;lj;jpy; fye;J nfhs;s cWg;gpduhy; epakpf;fg;gLk; egiuAk;> gfuhis epakpf;Fk;  Mizg;gj;jpuj;ijAk; Fwpf;Fk;.
7.$l;lj;jpy; Fiwntz; vd;why; vd;d?
$l;lj;jpy; epiwNtw;Wk; jPh;khdk; nry;yj;jf;fjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;LNkahdhy; $l;lj;jpy; Neubahff; fye;J nfhs;sNtz;ba Fiwe;jsT cWg;gpdh; vz;zpf;ifNa Fiwntz; MFk;.      jdp tiuaW epWkkhapd; Fiwe;jJ 2 cWg;gpdh;fSk;> nghJ tiuaW epWkkhapd; Fiwe;jJ 5 cWg;gpdh;fSk; $l;lj;jpy; fye;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba Fiwntz; MFk;.
8.epfo;r;rp epuy; vd;why; vd;d?
     $l;lj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba eltbf;iffspd; thpirNa epfo;r;rp epuy; MFk;.  $l;lj; jiytUld; fye;Jiuahb epWkr; nrayh; epfo;r;rp epiy jahh; nra;fpwhh;.
9.epfo;r;rpf; Fwpg;NgL vd;why; vd;d?
epWkf; $l;lq;fspy; vLf;fg;gl;l KbTfs; gw;wpa cz;ikahd> rhpahd gjpTfis cs;slf;fpaVL epfo;r;rpf; Fwpg;NgL MFk;. epfo;r;rpf; Fwpg;Ngl;by; cs;s fUj;Jf;fs; nghUs; NtWghL ,y;yhky;> RUf;fkhfTk;> cz;ikahdjhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

10. Mz;Lg; nghJf;$l;lj;jpy; tof;fkhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; eltbf;iffs; ahit?
1.Mz;Lf;fzf;FfisAk;> ,af;Feh; mwpf;if>jzpf;ifahsu; mwpf;iffisngw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;.
2.gq;fhjhak; tpsk;Gjy;.
3.gjtp tpyFk; ,af;Feh; ,lj;jpy; Gjpa ,af;Feh;fis epakpj;jy;.
4.jzpf;ifahsiu epakpj;J mtUila Cjpaj;ij eph;zak; nra;jy;
Nghd;wit Mz;Lg; nghJf;$l;lj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; eltbf;iffs; MFk;.

11. epWk ,af;FeUf;F VNjDk; jFjp tiuaiwf;fg; gl;bUf;fpwjh?
   Mk;. epWk ,af;FeUf;F jFjpfs; tiuaWf;fg; gl;bUf;fpwJ. mit
1.jdp egh;fis kl;LNk epWkj;jpd; ,af;Feuhf epakpf;f KbAk;.
2.,af;Feuhf ,Uf;f xUth; xg;ge;jj; jFjp ngw;wtuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
3.; nray;Kiw tpjpfspy; $wpAs;s Fiwe;jsT jFjpg; gq;Ffisg; ngw;wpUf;f
Ntz;Lk;. ,af;Fehpd; jFjpg; gq;fpd; ,ay; kjpg;G&.5000f;F kpfhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

12.khw;W ,af;Feh; vd;gtu; ahu;?
     xU ,af;Feh; %d;W khjj;jpw;F Nky; ntspA+u; nrd;wpUe;J $l;lj;jpy; fye;J nfhs;s ,ayhj epiy Vw;gl;lhy;> mtUf;Fg; gjpyhf epakpf;fg;gLk; ,af;FeNu khw;W ,af;Feh; Mthh;.
khw;W ,af;Feiu ,af;Feuit epakpj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. cz;ikahd ,af;Feh; te;jTld; khw;W ,af;Feh; gjtp tpyFthh;.
13. rpwg;G mwptpf;if Ntz;Lk; jPh;khdk; vd;gJ vd;d?
     ,t;tifj; jPh;khdk; rhjhuz jPh;khdkhfNth (m) rpwg;G jPh;khdkhfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. ,J jdp tifahd jPu;khdk; my;y.   jhd; jpl;lkpl;Ls;s jPh;khdj;ij epiwNtw;w tpUk;Ggth; epWkj;jpw;F 14 ehl;fSf;F Kd;djhfNt rpwg;G mwpf;iif ju Ntz;Lk;.
    
14. rpwg;Gj; jPh;khdk; vd;why; vijf; Fwpf;Fk;?
     rpwg;Gg; nghUs; Fwpj;J epiwNtw;wg;glNtz;ba jPh;khdk; rpwg;Gj; jPh;khdk; MFk;.
     ,j;jifa jPh;khdj;ij epiwNtw;w ehd;fpy; %d;W gq;F (3/4) cWg;gpdh;fs; Mjhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. $l;lk; gw;wp njhptpf;Fk; mwpf;ifapy; rpwg;Gj; jPh;khdk; gw;wp njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
15. thf;nfLg;G vd;why; vd;d?
     epWkf; $l;lj;jpy; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s jPh;khdj;jpw;F cWg;gpdh;fspd; MjuitAk; vjph;g;igAk; mwpAk; Kiwfspy; xd;W thf;nfLg;ghFk;.
ifiaj; J}f;FtJ %yk; eilngw;w thf;nfLg;G Kiw cWg;gpdu;fSf;F kd epiwit mspf;f tpy;iynadpy;> thf;Fr; rPl;bd; %yk; MjuT my;yJ vjpuhf vd thf;Fg;gjpT nra;tJ thf;nfLg;ghFk;.  ,jd; mbg;gilapy; KbT mwptpf;fg;gLk;. epWkj;jpy; xU gq;Ff;F xU thf;F vd;w mbg;gilapy; thf;nfLg;G eilngWk;.

16. epWkj;jpy; thf;Fhpik vt;;thW gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ?
     epWkj;jpd; nrYj;jg; ngw;w gq;F Kjypy; cWg;gpdh;fs; itj;jpUf;Fk; gq;Ffspd; vz;zpf;if mbg;gilapy; xUthpd; thf;Fhpik gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
v.fh.
     A vd;gth; 100 gq;F itj;jpUe;jhy; mthpd; thf;F vz;zpf;if 100 MFk;.

gFjp , (8 Marks)
1.  xU epWkj;jpy; ,af;Feh; tfpf;Fk; epiyia RUf;fpf; $Wf?
,af;Feh;fspd; epiy:
     ,af;Feh;fs;> jq;fs; nray;fis xl;bAk; nghWg;Gfis xl;bAk; gy;NtW epiyfspy; nray;gLfpwhh;fs;.
1. ,af;Feh;fs;  - Kfth;fshf
     epWkj;jpd; rhu;ghf ,af;Feu;fs; gpwUld;  xg;ge;jq;fspy; <LgLk; nghOJk;> epWkj;jpw;fhf Mtzq;fspy; ifnahg;gkpLk;nghOJk; epWkj;jpd; Kfth;fshfr;  nray;gLfpd;wdh;.     ,af;Feh;fspd; nray;fSf;F epWkk; nghWg;ghFk;. 
2. ,af;Feh;fs; - nghWg;ghz;ikahsh;fshf
     epWkj;jpd; nrhj;Jf;fis eph;tfpf;Fk; nghOJk;> gad;gLj;Jk;nghOJk;> ,af;Feh;fs; nghWg;ghz;ikah; vd;w  epiyapy; nray;gLfpd;wdh;.
     ,af;Feh;fs; jq;fsplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l mjpfhuq;fisAk;> nrhj;Jf;fisAk; epWk eyd; fUjpkl;LNk gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.  jq;fs;  nrhe;j eyDf;fhf gad;gLj;jf; $lhJ.
3. ,af;Feh;fs; - mjpfhhpfshf
     ,af;Feh;fs; epWk Nkyhz;ikapy; <LgLk;nghOJ mjd; Kjd;ikr; nrayjpfhhpfshf  nray;gLfpd;wdh;.
     Mf Kfth;fs;> nghWg;ghz;ikau;> eph;thfpfs; Nghd;w %d;W epiyfspYk; ,af;Feu; nray;gLfpd;whh;.

2.,af;Fehpd; jFjpapd;ikfs; ahit?
fPo;fz;l egh;fs; xU epWkj;jpd; ,af;Feh;fshf epakpf;fg;gLtjw;Fj; jFjp ,oe;jtuhfpwhu;.
  1. rk kdepiy ,oe;jth;>
  2. tpLtpf;fg;ngwhj nehbg;G epiy mile;jth;>
  3. nehbg;G epiy mile;jtuhff; fUJkhW tpz;zg;gk; nra;Js;s egh;>
  4. jfhj elj;ijg; gw;wpa Fw;wj;jpw;fhf MW khjq;fSf;F Nkyhd rpiwjz;lid ngw;w egh;>
  5. miog;Gg; gzk; Nfhug;gl;Lk; nrYj;jhky; MW khjq;fSf;F Nky; epYit itj;jpUf;Fk; egu;>
  6. Nkyhz;ikapy; Nkhrb nra;j fhuzj;jhy; ,af;FeUf;fhd jFjpia ePjpkd;wj;jhy; ,of;f Nehpl;lth;.

3. xU nghJ tiuaW epWkj;jpy; ,af;Feh; vt;thW epakpf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;?
1.Kjy; ,af;Feh; epakpf;fg;gLjy;:
     epWkr; nray; Kiw tpjpfspy; ngah; Fwpg;gpLtjd; %yk; KjyhtJ ,af;Feh; epakpf;fg;gLfpwhh;.
 2. gq;Fjhuh;fshy; ,af;Feh; epakpf;fg;gLjy;
     Kjy; ,af;FeUf;Fg; gpd; xt;nthU Mz;L nghJf; $l;lj;jpYk;  gq;Feh;fshy; ,af;Feh;fs; Njh;T nra;J epakpf;fg;gLk;.
 3.  ,af;Feuit epakpj;jy;:
   khw;W ,af;FeNuh my;yJ $Ljy; ,af;FeNuh Njitg;gl;lhy; ,af;FeuitNa epakpj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.
   nray;Kiw tpjp mjpfhuk; toq;fpapUe;jhy; ,af;Fehpd; ,wg;G> gjtp tpyfy; Nghd;w #o;epiyfspy;; Vw;gLk; fhyp ,lq;fis ,af;FeuitNa G+h;j;jp nra;J nfhs;syhk;.
4. %d;whk; jug;gpdh; epakpj;jy;:
   nray;Kiw tpjpfs; mjpfhuk; toq;fpapUe;jhy; epWkj;jpw;F njhopiy tpw;wth;fSk;> epWkj;jpw;F fld; nfhLj;jth;fSk; jq;fs; rhh;gpy;; ,af;Feiu epakpf;fyhk;.
5. ika muR epakpj;jy;:
      epWkr; rl;l mit mspj;j Mizapd; mbg;gilapy; (m) nkhj;j thf;F vz;zpf;ifapy; 10 rjtPjk; itj;jpUf;Fk; cWg;gpdh;fs; tpz;zg;gpj;jpUe;jhy; mjd; mbg;gilapy; ika muR ,af;Feiu epakpf;fyhk;.

4. vr;R+o;epiyfspy; ,af;Feh; xUth; gjtpiaj; Jwf;f Ntz;Lk;?
1.   ePjpkd;wk; mtiur; rkkd epiyapoe;jth; vd;W fz;lwpe;jhy;>
2.   nehbg;G epiy mile;J tpl;ljhf ePjpkd;wk; jPh;g;gspj;jpUe;jhy;>
3.   Fwpg;gpl;l fhyf;nfLTf;Fs; jFjpg; gq;Ffis ngwj; jtwp tpl;lhy; my;yJ mjd; gpwF vg;nghOJk; jFjpg; gq;if  itj;jpUf;fj; jtwptpl;lhYk;>
4.   newpKiwf;F khwhf jPagz;Gfs; gw;wpa Fw;wj;jpw;fhf 6 khj;jpw;Ff; Fiwthf rpiwj; jz;lid toq;fg;gl;bUg;gpd;>
5.   miog;Gg; gzj;ij MW khjq;fs; tiu nrYj;jhky; ,Ug;gpd;>
6.   ,af;Feh; mitapd; ,irT ngwhky;> ,af;Feuitf; $l;lq;fspy; njhlh;e;J %d;W KiwNah> %d;W khjq;fspy; eilngWk; mitf; $l;lq;fs; midj;jpYNkh ,jpy; vJ mjpf fhy msT cilaNjh mJtiu fye;J nfhs;shjpUg;gpd;>
7.   ePjp kd;w Mizapd; Nghpy; mth; jFjpapof;f Nehpl;lhy;>
8.   epWkk; <LgLk; vt;nthg;ge;jj;jpyhtJ jhd; njhlh;Gw;wpUg;gijj; njhptpf;fj; jtwpdhYk;..> xUth; ,af;Feu; gjtpiaj; Jwf;f Ntz;Lk;.

5. Nkyhz;ik Cjpak; Fwpj;Jr; RUf;ff; Fwpg;G tiuf?
(1) Cjpak; toq;Fk; Kiw:
   Nkyhz;ik Cjpak; vd;gJ khje; NjhWk; nrYj;jj; jf;fjhfNth> epfu ,yhgj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l tpOf;fhlhfNth> fopT mbg;gilapNyh>  ,Uf;fyhk;. Nkyhz;ikaUf;F epWkk; nra;J nfhLf;Fk; trjpfspd; kjpg;Gk;  ,jpylq;Fk;.
Fwpg;gpl;l ve;j Mz;bYk; xU nghJtiuaW epWkk; nfhLf;ff; $ba xl;L nkhj;j Nkyhz;ik Cjpak; mjd; epfu ,yhgj;jpy; 11 %f;F   kpff; $lhJ.
   xU Nkyhz;ik ,af;Feupd; Cjpak;  epfu ,yhgj;jpy 5 % f;F kpFjpahf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. Xd;Wf; Nkw;gl;l ,af;Feu; ,Ue;jhy; midtUf;Fk; Nru;j;J> epfu ,yhgj;jpy; 10 % f;F $Ljyhf Cjpak; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.
        Xh; Mz;by; ,yhgk; ,y;iynad;whNyh (m)  Nghjpa ,yhgk; <l;ltpy;inad;whNyh epWkr; rl;lj;jpy; $wpAs;sthW Fiwe;jsT Cjpak; nfhLf;fg;gLk;.

6. rl;l Kiw mwpf;ifapy; fhzg;ngw Ntz;bait ahit?
rl;l Kiw  mwpf;if
1.   nuhf;fj;jpw;F kw;Wk; nuhf;fj;jpw;fpd;wp> NtW kW gaDf;fhf ntspalg;gl;Ls;s gq;Ffs; gw;wpa tptuq;fs;>
2.   njhlf;fr; nryTfs; Fwpj;j kjpg;gPL
3.   gq;Ffs; kPJ ngw;w nkhj;j gzk; kw;Wk; gpw topfspy; ngw;w gzk;>
4.   mwpf;if jahh; nra;tjw;F 7 ehl;fSf;F Kd;G tiu ngw;w> ngWjy; - nrYj;jy; gw;wpa RUf;fkhf fzf;F>
5.   $l;l xg;GjYf;fhf itf;fg;gl Ntz;bAs;s xg;ge;jq;fs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpy; nra;a Ntz;ba khw;wq;fs; Fwpj;j tptuq;fs;>
6.   epiwNtw;wg;glhj gq;F xg;GWjp xg;ge;jq;fSk; mjw;fhd fhuzq;fSk;
7.   gq;F my;yJ fldPl;L ntspaPl;by; ,af;FeUf;Fr; nrYj;jpa (m) nrYj;j Ntz;ba fopT  njhif .
8.   ,af;Feh;fs;> Nkyhz;ik ,af;Feh;fu;fs;; Nkyhsh;> nrayhsh; MfpNahh; Fwpj;j tptuq;fs;.

9.   ,af;Feh;fs;> Nkyhz;ik ,af;Feh;fs; Nghd;wtuplkpUe;J ,d;Dk; ngw Ntz;ba miog;Gg; gzk;> Nghd;w jfty;fs; rl;l Kiw mwpf;ifapy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

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