3 - $l;lhz;ik
gFjp
- m
I.
rupahd tpiliaj; Nju;e;njLj;J vOJf.
1. $l;lhz;ik cz;lhf;fg;gLtJ
m) xg;ge;jj;jhy; /
ntspg;gLj;jpa cld;gbf;if M)
$l;lhspfspilNa cwT
,) murpd; topfhl;ly;.
2. $l;lhz;ikapd; mbg;gilf;$W
m) G+uz ey;y
ek;gpf;if M) KjyPl;bw;fhd njhif
,Uj;jy;
,) $l;Lj; njhopy; nra;a tpUg;gk;
3. $l;lhz;ik epWtdk; gjpT nra;jy;
m)
1949 rl;lk; M) 1956 rl;lk; ,) 1932 rl;lk;
4. $l;lhz;ik gjpT
m)
fl;lhak; M) tpUg;gj;jpd;
Ngupy; ,) mtrpakpy;iy
5. $l;lhz;ikapy; Njhd;Wk; cwT Kiw
m) Kjy;tu; kw;Wk; Kftu; M) cupikahsu; kw;Wk; Ntiyahsu; ,) v[khdu;
kw;Wk; gzpahsu;
6. ,q;fpyhe;jpy; $l;lhz;ik rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gl;l
Mz;L
m)
1924 M) 1932 ,) 1907
7. ,e;jpahtpy; $l;lhz;ik rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gl;l Mz;L
m)
1907 M) 1932 ,) 1956
8. $l;lhz;ik tq;fpj; njhopyhapd; mjpgl;r
$l;lhspfs; vz;zpf;if
m)
10 M) 20 ,) 2
9. $l;lhz;ik tq;fpj; njhopyy;yhJ NtW njhopyhapd;
mjpfgl;r $l;lhspfspd;vz;zpf;if.
m)
20 M) 2 ,) 10
10. $l;lhspfspd; ,yhg tpfpjk; xg;ge;jj;jpy;
,y;iynad;why; mtu;fs; ,yhgj;ij
m) Kjy; tpfpjj;jpy;
gpupj;Jf; nfhs;thu;fs; M) rkkhfg;
gpupj;Jf; nfhs;thu;fs;
,) ,uz;Lk; ,y;iy.
11. fhyj;ijf; Fwpf;fhky; tpahghuj;ij elj;jp tUk;
$l;lhz;ik
m) tiuaWj;j $l;lhz;ik M) Fwpg;gpl;l $l;lhz;ik
,) tpUg;gKwpf; $l;lhz;ik
<) ,iztpid
12. KjyPL nra;J njhopypd; epu;thfj;ij nghWg;Ngw;W
elj;Jk; $l;lhsp
m) cwq;Fk; $l;lhsp M) ciof;Fk; $l;lhsp
,) ngausTf; $l;lhsp<)
,ufrpaf; $l;lhsp
13. xt;nthU $l;lhspAk; toq;fpa fld; kw;Wk;
Kd;gzk; kPJ . . . . rjtpfpjk; tl;b ngw cupikAz;L.
m)8% M)10% ,)6% <)12%
14. $l;lhspfSf;F Xu; cld;ghl;bd; gb
cupik toq;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; mJ . . . . vdg;gLk;.
m) cl;fpil MizAupik M) ntspg;gil MizAupik ,) tha;nkhop MizAupik
II. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf.
1. $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpy;
,yhgel;lk; ......................gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gLfpwJ.
2. ,e;jpahtpy;
$l;lhspfspd; nghWg;G
......................
3. tq;fpj; njhopy;
my;yhj gpwnjhopYf;F mjpfgl;r cWg;gpdu;fs; vz;zpf;if ......................
4. epWtdj;jpy;
gq;Nfw;fhj $l;lhspia ......................vd;wiof;fpNwhk;.
5. xU $l;lhz;ik
mikg;gpy; xt;nthU jdpg;gl;l cWg;gpdUk; .............vd;wiof;fg;gLtu;.
6. $l;lhz;ikapy; cs;s
midtiuAk; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf ...................... vd;wiof;fpNwhk;.
7. $l;lhz;ikapy; ve;jg;
ngaupy; njhopy; elj;jg;gLfpwNjh mJNt ...................... MFk;.
8. $l;lhspfspilNa
Vw;gLk; ...................... fhuzkhf $l;lhz;ik Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
9. $l;lhz;ikapy;
$l;lhspfspilNa ...................... kw;Wk; ...................... vd;w cwTs;sJ.
10. $l;lhz;ik
...................... tpupthf;fk; vd;W tu;zpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
11. $l;lhz;ikapy;
fhyj;ijf; Fwpf;fhky; tpahghuj;ij elj;jp tUk; $l;lhz;ik ..........
vdg;gLk;.
12.
...................... vd;gJ jw;fhypfkhf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l $l;lhz;ikahFk;.
13. tiuaWj;j
$l;lhz;ikapy; nghJf; $l;lhspapd; nghWg;G ......................
14. xU $l;lhsp jd; eltbf;ifapy; $l;lhz;ikiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;
mjpfhuj;jpw;F
.............vd;W ngau;.
15. $l;lhz;ikf;
fiyg;gpdhy; ...................... fiyg;G Vw;gLtjpy;iy.
16. epWtdf; fiyg;gpdhy;
...................... fiyg;G fl;lhakhf Vw;gLk;.
17. mtruf; fhyq;fspy;
$l;lhz;ikapd; eyidg; ghJfhf;Fk; nghUl;L eltbf;iffs;
Nkw;nfhs;s xU $l;lhspf;F
toq;fg;gLk; cupikf;F ......................vd;W ngau;.
18.
..................vd;gJ $l;lhspfspd; cld;ghL KbTf;F tUtjhFk;.
19........ vd;gJ midj;J
$l;lhspfSf;fpilNaahd epyTk; cwTKiw Kwpe;JtpLtjhFk;.
20. $l;lhspf;F xU
cld;ghl;bd;gb chpik toq;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; mJ ..................
tpilfs;:
I. 1.
xg;ge;jj;jhy;/ntspg;gLj;jpa clz;gbf;ifapd; gb: 2. G+uz ey;y ek;gpf;if: 3. 1932
rl;lk;: 4. tpUg;gj;jpd; Ngupy;: 5.
Kjy;tu; kw;Wk; Kftu;: 6. 1907: 7. 1932 8.10: 9.20: 10 . rkkhfg; gpupj;Jf; nfhs;thu;fs;:
11. tpUg;gKwpf; $l;lhz;ik: 12. ciof;Fk; $l;;lhsp: 13. 6%;:14. ntspg;gil
MizAupik.
II. 1.
xg;Gf;nfhz;l tpfpjk;: 2. tiuawhg;
nghWg;G: 3. 20: 4. cwq;Fk; $l;lhsp: 5. $l;lhsp: 6. epWtdk;: 7. epWtdg; ngau;: 8. cld;ghl;by;: 9. Kjy;tu;> Kftu;:
10. Kfikf; Nfhl;ghl;bd;: 11. tpUg;gKwpf; $l;lhz;ik: 12. ,iztpid: 13. tiwawhg;
nghWg;G: 14. MizAhpik: 15. epWtd: 16. $l;lhd;ik: 17. cl;fpil MizAhpik.18)
$l;lhz;ik fiyg;G 19) epWtd fiyg;G 20) ntspg;gil Miz chpik
gFjp - M
1. $l;lhz;ik tiutpyf;fzk; jUf?
,e;jpaf;
$l;lhz;ikr; rl;lk; 1932 gpupT 4
d; gb ‘ vy;NyhUk; Nru;e;Njh my;yJ vy;NyhUf;Fkhf xUtNuh elj;Jk; njhopypd; ,yhgj;ijg; gfpu;e;J nfhs;s xg;Gf;
nfhz;legu;fspilNa epyTk; cwT Kiw $l;lhz;ik MFk;.”
2. $l;lhz;ikapy; cWg;gpdu;fs; vz;zpf;ifia $W?
$l;lhz;ikia
Jtq;f..........>
Fiwe;j gl;r egu;fspd; vz;zpf;if - 2 egu;fs;
mjpf gl;r
egu;fspd; vz;zpf;if
tq;fpj; njhopy;fs; - 10 egu;fs;
tq;fp my;yhj gpw njhopy;fs - 20 egu;fs;
3. $l;lhspfSf;fpilNa epyTk; cwT Kiw
ahJ?
v
$l;lhz;ikapy;
$l;lhspfSf;fpilNa Kjy;tu;> Kftu;
cwTKiw epyTfpwJ.
v
xt;nthU
$l;lhspAk; cupikahsuhfTk;> mNj
rkaj;jpy; KftuhfTk; nray;gLfpwhu;fs;;.
v
Kfikf;
Nfhl;ghl;bd; gb $l;lhz;ik nray;gLfpwJ.
4. cioahf; $l;lhsp vd;gtu; ahu;?
njhopYf;fhf KjyPL nra;J>
epu;thfj;jpy; gq;F ngwhj $l;lhspNa cioahf; $l;lhsp Mthu;. ,tiu cwq;Fk;
$l;lhsp (m) cioahf; $l;lhsp (m) KjypLk; $l;lhsp vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwhu;.
5. tiuaWf;fg;gl;l $l;lhz;ik vd;why;
vd;d?
xU $l;lhz;ikapy>; $l;lhspfspd; nghWg;G
Kjy; njhif mstpw;F kl;Lk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; mJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;l $l;lhz;ik
MFk;.,t;tiff; $l;lhz;ikapy; xU
$l;lhspapd; nghWg;G kl;Lk; tiuawhg; nghWg;G MFk;. kw;w $l;lhspfspd; nghWg;G
tiuaW nghWg;G MFk;.
,f;$l;lhz;ikia ,e;jpahtpy; cUthf;f rl;l
mDkjpapy;iy.
6.
$l;lhz;ik xg;ghtzk; vd;why; vd;d?
‘$l;lhz;ik
gw;wpa tptuq;fisAk;> epge;jidfisAk; cs;slf;fpa vOj;jhy; Md MtzNk $l;lhz;ik xg;ghtzk; MFk;”.
mjhtJ xg;ghtzk; vd;gJ $l;lhz;ik gw;wpa nra;jpfis cs;slf;fp vOj;J tbtpy;
,Uf;Fk;.
,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l egu;fspilNa
Vw;gLk; xg;ge;jk; fhuzkhf $l;lhz;ik Vw;gLfpwJ.
7.
cl;fpil MizAupik tiutpyf;fzk; jUf?
xU $l;lhz;ikapd; mtruf; fhyq;fspy; $l;lhz;ikapd; eyidg; ghJfhf;Fk;
nghUl;L rpy eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s $l;lhspfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; cupik
cl;fpil MizAupik MFk;. ,t;thwhf xU
$l;lhsp Nkw;nfhs;Sk; eltbf;ifahdJ mf;$l;lhz;ikiaAk;> $l;lhspfisAk;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;.
8. $l;L
kw;Wk; jdpg; nghWg;G vd;why; vd;d?
$l;Lg;
nghWg;G:
fldPe;Njhu; jq;fSf;Fr; NruNtz;ba fld;
njhifia midj;Jf; $l;lhspfspd; nrhj;jpypUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ $l;Lg; nghWg;ghFk;.
jdpg;nghWg;G:
fldPe;Njhu; jq;fSf;Fr; NruNtz;ba fld;
njhifia VjhtJ xU $l;lhspapd; jdp nrhj;jpd; kPJ tof;F njhLj;Jg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ
jdpg; nghWg;ghFk;.
9.
,sth; vd;gth; ahu;? xU ,stu; $l;lhspahf ,Uf;f KbAkh?
18 taJ G+h;j;jpahfhj egiu ,sth; vd;fpNwhk;.
ePjp kd;wj;jhy; fhg;ghsh; epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; 21 taJ G+h;j;jpahFk; tiu mth;
,stuhff; fUjg;gLfpwhh;. ,stu;
xg;ge;jj;jpy; <Lgl jFjpaw;wth;
vd;gjhy; rl;lg;gb mtu; $l;lhspahf KbahJ.
midj;Jf; $l;lhspfSk; xg;Gf; nfhz;lhy; $l;lhz;ikapd; ed;ikf;fhf kl;Lk; ,stiu $l;lhspahf Nru;j;Jf;
nfhs;syhk;.
10. $l;lhz;ik fiyg;gpw;Fk;> $l;lhz;ik epWtdf; fiyg;gpw;Fk; cs;s NtWghLfs;
ahit?
|
t.
vz;.
|
$l;lhz;ikf;
fiyg;G
|
epWtdf;
fiyg;G
|
|
1.
|
xd;W my;yJ mjw;F
Nkw;gl;l $l;lhspfs; jq;fspd; cwit
Kwpj;Jf; nfhs;tjhFk;.
|
midj;Jf; $l;lhspfSk;
jq;fSf;Fs; cs;s cwit Kwpj;Jf; nfhs;tjhFk;.
|
|
2.
|
,f;fiyg;ghy; njhopiy KbTf;F
nfhz;L tuyhk; (m) njhlu;e;J elj;jyhk;
|
,f;fiyg;ghy; njhopy;
fl;lhak; KbTf;F tUk;.
|
|
3.
|
,f;fiyg;gpw;F gpwF
njhopiy njhlu;e;J elj;j tha;g;Gs;sJ.
|
njhopiy njhlue;J elj;j
tha;g;G ,y;iy.
|
|
4.
|
,f;fiyg;ghy; epWtdf;
fiyg;G Vw;gLtJ ,y;iy.
|
,f;fiyg;ghy;>
fl;lhak; $l;lhz;ik fiyg;G Vw;gLk;.
|
gFjp
- ,
1.
$l;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpy; ,stupd; epiy gw;wp tptup?
I. cupik taJ milAk; Kd; ,stu; epiy:
1) njhopypd;
nrhj;jpYk;> ,yhgj;jpYk; xg;Gf; nfhz;l gb gq;F ngWk; cupikia ngWfpwhu;.
2) njhopypd;
nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; ,yhgj;jpy; mtUf;Fs;s gq;fpd; mstpw;Fj;jhd; nghWg;G ,Uf;Fk;.
,stUila Kjy; njhiff;F Nky; mtuJ nrhe;j nrhj;Jf;fs; nghWg;ghfhJ.
3) epWtdf; fzf;Ffis
ghu;itapl;L mtw;iw efy; vLf;f cupik cz;L.
II. cupik taJ mile;jgpd; ,stupd;
epiy:
1)
cupik
tajile;j gpd; $l;lhspahf njhlu;e;jpUf;f Ntz;Lkh (m) $l;lhz;ikapypUe;J ntspNaw
Ntz;Lkh vd;gij 6 khjj;jpw;Fs; ,stu; jPu;khdpj;J mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
2)
MW
khjj;jpw;Fs; mwptpf;fhtpl;lhy; $l;lhz;ikapy; ,stuhf Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;l
ehs; Kjw;nfhz;L epWtdf; fld;fSf;F
nghWg;ghthu;.
3)
$l;lhspahf njhlu tpUg;gkpy;iy vd mwptpj;jhy; mwptpg;G nra;j ehspypUe;J
$l;lhz;ikapd; fld;fSf;F mtu; nghWg;ghf
khl;lhu;.
2.
$l;lhz;ik epWtdj;ij gjpT nra;a gpd;gw;wg;gLk; eilKiwfis tptup?
$l;lhz;ikg; gjpT:
,e;jpahtpy; $l;lhz;ik epWtdg; gjpT
fl;lhakpy;iy. $l;lhspfs;
tpUg;gg;gl;lhy; epWtdj;ij gjpT nra;J nfhs;syhk;. epu;zapf;fg;gl;l gbtj;ij G+u;j;jp nra;J mjpy; midj;J $l;lhspfSk;
ifnahg;gkpl;L $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;ijg; gjpT nra;J nfhs;syhk;.
gbtj;jpy; mlq;fpapUf;Fk; tpguq;fs;:
1.
epWtdj;jpd;
ngau;>
2.
tzpfj;jpd;
jiyik ,lk;>
3.
xt;nthU
$l;lhspapd; ngaUk; KftupAk;>
4.
xt;nthU
$l;lhspAk; $l;lhz;ikapy; Nru;e;j ehs;>
5.
epWtdk;
njhopy; njhlq;fpa ehs;.
6.
epWtdj;jpd;
fhytiuaiw.
gjpTr; rhd;wpjo;:
epWtd gjpthsu; gbtj;Jld; Fwpg;gpl;l njhifia ngw;Wf;nfhz;L
epWtdq;fspd; gjpNtl;by; gjpT nra;J nfhz;L gjpTr; rhd;wpjio toq;Fthu;.
Nkw;nrhd;d tptuq;fspy; khw;wk; VNjDk;
Vw;gbd;> epWtdg; gjpthsuplk; njuptpj;J Njitahd khw;wq;fis nra;J nfhs;syhk;.
3. $l;lhz;ikia gjpT nra;ahjjhy;
Vw;gLk; FiwghLfs; ahit?
1. epWtdj;jpw;F
vjpuhfNth my;yJ Vida $l;lhspfs; kPNjh jdf;Fs;s cupikia epiyehl;l gjpTnra;ahj
epWtdj;jpd; xU $l;lhsp tof;Fj; njhlu KbahJ. (Kd;dhs; $l;lhsp cl;gl)
2 %d;whk; eghplkpUe;J jdf;Fr; Nru Ntz;ba ghf;fpg;
gzj;ij ngw ve;j cupikapay; ePjp kd;wj;jpYk; gjpT nra;ahj epWtdk; tof;F njhLf;f KbahJ.
3. gjpT nra;ahj epWtdk; %d;whk; egUf;F vjpuhf
njhif &. 100 f;F Nky; jpUk;gg; ngw jd; cupikiar; nray;gLj;j ,ayhJ.
4. jdJ $l;lhspfis vjpu;j;J> epWtdk; rl;l
eltbf;if vLf;f KbahJ.
5. epWtdj;jpd; tzpff;
Fwpfs; kw;Wk; gjpg;G cupikfis ntspahl;fs; gad;gLj;jf; $lhJ vd jLf;Fk; cupikia
$l;lhz;ik ,of;Fk;.
6. epWtdj;jpw;F
vjpuhfNth> $l;lhspf;F vjpuhfNth %d;whktu; vtUk; rl;l eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;.
7. epWtdj;ijf; fiyf;ff; Nfhup my;yJ fiyf;fg;gl;l
epwtdj;jpd; nrhj;Jf;fis tpw;W gzkhf;fTk;> fzf;Ffis jPu;j;Jf;nfhs;sTk;
$l;lhsp xUtu; epWtdj;jpd; kPJ tof;F njhLf;f KbahJ.
4.
$l;lhz;ik xg;ghtzj;jpd; cs;slf;fk; ahJ? (VNjDk; 10 kl;Lk;)
$l;lhz;ik xg;ghtzj;jpd; cs;slf;fk;:
1.
epWtdj;jpd;
ngau;
2.
xg;ge;j ehs;
kw;Wk; njhopy; GupAk; ,lk;
3.
midj;Jf;
$l;lhspfspd; ngau; kw;Wk; Kftup
4.
epWtdk;
Nkw;nfhs;s ,Uf;Fk; njhopypd; jd;ik
5.
$l;lhz;ikapd;
fhy tiuaiw
6.
$l;lhsp
toq;fpa Kjy; njhif
7.
$l;lhsp
epWtdj;jpypUe;J vLf;Fk; njhif.
8.
,yhgg; gfpu;T
tpfpjk;.
9.
ciof;Fk;
$l;lhspfSf;F nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba Cjpak;.
10.
Kjy; kw;Wk;
vLg;G kPJ tl;b
11.
$l;lhspfs;
NrUk;NghJ (m) tpyFk; NghJ gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba eilKiw tpjpfs;.
12.
epWtdj;ijf;
fiyf;Fk; KiwAk;> fiyf;Fk;NghJ fzf;Ffisj; jPuj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; topKiwfs;.
13.
fzf;F
VLfisg; guhkupj;jy; kw;Wk; jzpf;if gw;wpa tptuq;fs;.
14.
$l;lhspfs;
epWtdj;jpw;F je;jpLk; fld;fs; kw;Wk; Kd;gzk;) kPjhd tl;b.
15.
$l;lhspfs;
NrUk;;; nghOJ> (m) tpyFk; nghOJ (m) ,wf;Fk; nghOJ thzpf ew;ngaiu kjpg;gpLk;
Kiw.
16.
$l;lhspfspilNa
cz;lhFk; jfuhWfisj; jPu;f;f eLtu; jPu;g;gpw;F tpLk; eilKiw.
5.$l;lhspfspd;
gy;NtW tiffs; ahit?
1. ciof;Fk; $l;lhsp:
KjyPL nra;J njhopiy epu;tfpf;Fk; $l;lhspf;F
ciof;Fk; $l;lhsp vd;W ngau;. ,tiu gzpGupAk; $l;lhsp my;yJ Nkyhz;ikf; $l;lhsp
my;yJ nghJf; $l;lhsp vdTk; miof;fyhk;.
2. cwq;Fk; $l;lhsp my;yJ cioahf;
$l;lhsp:
njhopYf;fhf KjyPL nra;J>
epu;thfj;jpy; gq;F ngwhj $l;lhspNa cioahf; $l;lhsp Mthu;.
3. ngausTf; $l;lhsp:
,th; njhopYf;F KjypLtJk; ,y;iy>
epu;thfj;jpy; gq;Nfw;gJk; ,y;iy. jd; ngaiug; gad;gLj;jp $l;lhz;ikapd;
nry;thf;if cau;j;jpf; nfhs;s cjTfpwhu;.,tUf;F ,yhgj;jpy; gq;fpy;iy.
4. ,yhgj;jpy; kl;Lk; gq;Nfw;Fk;
$l;lhsp:
xU rpy $l;lhspfs; xg;ge;jj;jpd; gb ,yhgj;ij
kl;Lk; gfpu;e;J nfhs;thu;fs;;. el;lj;ijg; gfpu;e;J nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,tu;
epu;thfj;jpy; gq;Fngw KbahJ.
5. Jizf;;; $l;lhsp:
xU
$l;lhspf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; ,yhgj;ij kw;nwhU egu; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhz;lhy; me;egu; Jizf;
$l;lhsp Mthu;. Jizf; $l;lhspf;F
vt;tpj cupikAk; ,;y;iy> epWtdf; flDf;F ,tu; nghWg;Ngw;gjpy;iy.
6. ,stu; $l;lhsp:
18 taJ G+u;j;jpailahj egiu ,stu;
vd;fpNwhk;. ePjpkd;wj;jhy; fhg;ghsu; epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; 21 taJ G+u;j;jpahFk;
tiu xUtiu ,stuhff; fUjg;gLk;.
,stu; xg;ge;jj;jpy; <Lgl jFjpaw;wtu;
vd;gjhy; mtu; $l;lhspahf KbahJ.
7. Kuz;jilf; $l;lhsp:
xU njhopypy>; xUtu; $l;lhspahf ,y;yhky;
,Ue;J jd; elj;ijapd; %yk; jhDk; mj;njhopypy; xU $l;lhsp vd ntspegiu ek;gr;
nra;j gpd;> jhd; $l;lhsp my;y vd;W kWj;Jf; $w KbahJ.
mt;thW mtiu ek;gp epWtdj;jpw;F Kd; gzk;
mspg;gtUf;Nfh> my;yJ epWtdj;NjhL xg;ge;jj;jpy; <LgLgtUf;Nfh mtu;
nghWg;ghfpwhu;. ,t;thW nghWg;ghFk; egu; Kuz; jilf; $l;lhsp Mthu;.
8. cupikg;;;;; Nghypf; $l;lhsp:
$l;lhz;ikapy; $l;lhspapy;yhj xUtiu
$l;lhspnad tptupf;Fk;NghJ> jhd; mt;thW $l;lhsp my;y vd mtu; kWj;Jiuf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
mtu; kWg;NgJk; nrhy;yhky; mikjpahf
,Ue;jhy;> mtiuf; $l;lhspnad ek;gp mf;$l;lhz;ikAld;; thzpfk; nra;Ak; egUf;F
mtu; nghWg;ghfpwhu;. ,t;thW nghWg;ghFk; egu; cupikg; Nghypf; $l;lhsp Mthu;.
gFjp
< - (20 marks)
1. $l;lhz;ikapd; rpwg;Gf; $Wfis
tptup?
$l;lhz;ikapd; rpwg;Gf; $Wfs;:
1. cld;ghL:
$l;lhspfspilNa Vw;gLk; cld;ghl;bd; fhuzkhf
$l;lhz;ik cUthfpwJ. ,e;j cld;ghL vOj;J tbtpNyh my;yJ Ngr;rstpNyh ,Uf;fyhk;.
2. gy egu;fs;:
Fiwe;j gl;r egu;fspd; vz;zpf;if - 2 egu;fs;
mjpf gl;r egu;fspd; vz;zpf;if
tq;fpj;
njhopy;.................................. -
10 egu;fs;
tq;fp
my;yhj gpw njhopy;fs; - 20 egu;fs;
3. xg;ge;j cwT:
xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l egu;fspilNa Vw;gLk;
xg;ge;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf $l;lhz;ik Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. cwT Kiw> md;G>
gpupak;>fhuzkhf $l;lhz;ik cUthFtjpy;iy.
4. rl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;l njhopy;:
$l;lhz;ik vd;gJ xU njhopiy
elj;Jtjw;fhf mikf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. njhopy; vd;gJ ve;j xU tpahghuj;ijAk;>
gzpiaAk;> mYtiyAk; Fwpf;Fk;. ,e;j njhopy; xU ehl;bd; rl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;ljhf
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
5. ,yhgg; gq;F:
$l;lhz;ikapy; ,yhgel;lj;ij xg;ge;jj;jpy;
$wg;gl;Ls;s tpfpjj;jpd;gb $l;lhspfs; gfpu;e;J nfhs;fpd;wdu;.
xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,yhg el;l gfpu;T gw;wp vJTk; Fwpg;gplhj NghJ ,yhgel;lk; rkkhf
gfpu;e;J nfhs;sg;gLk;.
6. Kfik cwT:
$l;lhz;ikapy; $l;lhspfSf;fpilNa Kjy;tu;> Kftu; cwTKiw epyTfpwJ. xt;nthU
$l;lhspAk; cupikahsuhfTk;> mNj
rkaj;jpy; KftuhfTk; nray;gLfpwhu;.
midj;Jf; $l;lhspfSk; ,ize;Njh my;yJ
midtupd; rhu;ghf xUtNuh njhopiy Vw;W elj;jyhk; vd;w Kfikf; Nfhl;ghl;bd; gb $l;lhz;ik nray;gLfpwJ.
7. tiuawhg; nghWg;G:
$l;lhz;ikapy; xt;nthU $l;lhspapd;
nghWg;G> tiuawh $l;L kw;Wk; jdpg; nghWg;G MFk;. $l;lhz;ikf; flidj; jpUg;gpr;
nrYj;j $l;lhz;ikr; nrhj;Jf;fs; NghJkhdjhf ,y;yhtpl;lhy; $l;lhspfs; jq;fs;
nrhe;j nrhj;jpypUe;J flid milf;f Ntz;Lk;.
8. $l;L kw;Wk; jdpg; nghWg;G:
fldPe;Njhu; jq;fSf;Fr; Nru Ntz;ba fld;
njhifia midj;Jf; $l;lhspfspd; jdpr; nrhj;jpypUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ $l;Lg;
nghWg;ghFk;.
fldPe;Njhu; jq;fSf;Fr; Nru Ntz;ba fld;
njhifia VjhtJ xU $l;lhspapd; jdp nrhj;jpd; kPJ tof;Fj;njhLj;Jg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ
jdpg;nghWg;ghFk;.
9. jdpahs; jd;ik ,d;ik:
$l;lhz;ik epWdj;ijAk;> $l;lhspfisAk;
rl;lk; xd;whfNt fUJfpwJ. $l;lhz;ikapy; cupikAk;> Nkyhz;ikAk; ,ize;J
,Ug;gjhy; ,t;tzpfj;jpy; jdpahs; jd;ik ,y;iy.
10. cl;fpil MizAupik:
mtruf; fhyq;fspy; $l;lhz;ikapd; eyidg;
ghJfhf;Fk; nghUl;L rpy eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s $l;lhspfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; cupik
cl;fpil MizAupik MFk;. xU $l;lhsp Nkw;nfhs;Sk; eltbf;ifahdJ
mf;$l;lhz;ikiaAk;> $l;lhspfisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;.
11. gjpT:
$l;lhz;ikg; gjpT ,e;jpahtpy; fl;lhakpy;iy.
,J $l;lhspfspd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F cl;gl;lJ. $l;lhspfs; tpUk;gpdhy; vg;nghOJ
Ntz;LkhdhYk; $l;lhz;ikia gjpT nra;ayhk;.
12. cupikia khw;w ,ayhik:
ve;jf; $l;lhspAk; gpw $l;lhspfspd; mDkjp
ngwhky; jdf;Fs;s cupikiag; gpwu;f;F khw;wpj; juNth my;yJ tpw;fNth KbahJ.
13. G+uz ey;nyz;zk;:
$l;lhz;ik xg;ge;jj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Vw;gLfpwJ
vd;whYk;> xt;nthU $l;lhspAk; Neu;ikahfTk; gpw $l;lhspaplk; cz;ikahfTk; ele;J
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. njhopy; eltbf;if kw;Wk; fzf;Ffis midj;Jf; $l;lhspfSf;Fk;
njuptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ve;j $l;lhspAk; ,ufrpa ,yhgk; <l;lf; $lhJ.
2 $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpd; epiw Fiwfs;
ahit?
$l;lhz;ikapd; epiwfs;:
1. mikj;jy; vspJ:
$l;lhz;ikia mikg;gJ vspJ. $l;lhz;ikiaj;
Jtq;f $l;lhspfspilNa Vw;gLk; cld;ghNl NghJkhdJ. gjpT fl;lhakpy;iy.
2. gjpT fl;lhakpy;iy:
$l;lhz;ikiag; gjpT nra;a Ntz;ba
fl;lhakpy;iy. ,J $l;lhspfspd; tpUg;gj;jpw;Fl;gl;lJ. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gLk;
gpur;rpidiaj; jtpu;g;gjw;F $l;lhz;ikiag; gjpT nra;tJ ey;yJ.
3. mjpf epjp Mjhuk;:
$l;lhz;ikapy; xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l egu;fs;
KjypLtjhy; jdpahs; thzpfj;ijtpl mjpf Kjy; fpilf;f tha;g;G cs;sJ
4. $Ljy; Nkyhz;ikj;jpwd;:
$l;lhz;ikapy; xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l egu;fs;
,Ug;gjhy; mtu;fspd; jpwikf;Nfw;g gzpfis
gfpue;jspf;fg;gLfpwJ.xt;nthU $l;lhspapd; jpwikAk;> njhopy; rhu;e;j mDgtKk;
tpahghu tsu;r;rpf;F cjTk;.
5. mjpf epjp ngw kjpg;gPL:
tiuawhg; nghWg;gpdhy;> $l;lhspfs; epjp
epWtdq;fSf;F mjpf gpizaq;fis mspj;J fld; ngw KbAk;. jdpahs; thzpfj;ijtpl
$l;lhz;ikapy; mjpff; fld; ngw tha;g;G cs;sJ.
6 fye;jhNyhrpj;jy;:
$l;lhz;ikapy; gy $l;lhspfs; ,Ug;gjhy; njhopy;
rhu;e;j gpur;ridfisf; fye;jhNyhrpj;J ey;y KbT vLf;f KbAk;. ,jdhy; mtruj;jpy;
jtwhd KbntLf;f tha;g;Gfspy;iy.
7. ,lu;ghl;by; gq;Nfw;G:
jdpahs; thzpfj;jpy; Vw;gLk; ,lu;ghl;il xUtNu Vw;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; $l;lhz;ikapy;
Vw;gLk;; ,lu;ghl;il midj;Jf; $l;lhspfSk; gfpu;e;J nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,jdhy; xt;nthU
$l;lhspapd; ,lu;fSk; FiwfpwJ.
8. Kaw;rpf;Fk; gyDf;Fk; Neubj;
njhlu;G:
$l;lhz;ikapy; $l;lhspfs; vt;tsTf;F vt;tsT
ciog;ig ey;Ffpwhu;fNsh mt;tsTf;F ,yhgk; mjpfupf;Fk;. $l;lhspfs; fbdkhf cioj;J
mjpf ,yhgj;ij ngWfpwhu;fs;.
9. rpWghd;ikNahu; eyd; ghJfhj;jy;:
$l;lhz;ikapy; njhopy; rhu;e;j KbTfisg; gw;wp midj;Jf; $l;lhspfSk; cld;gl;l
gpd;dNu KbT vLf;fg;gLk;. ,jdhy; rpWghd;ik $l;lhspfspd; eyidg; ngUk;ghd;ikf;
$l;lhspfs; Gwf;fzpf;f KbahJ.
10. nefpo;Tj; jd;ik:
$l;lhspfs; jhq;fs; tpUk;gpa tz;zk;
njhopypd; jd;ikia khWk; R+o;epiyf;Nfw;wthW khw;wpf; nfhs;syhk;.
11. vspjhd fiyg;G:
$l;lhspfspd; nehbg;G epiy> kdepiy
ghjpg;G> ,wg;G Kjypatw;why; $l;lhz;ikiaf; fiyf;f NeupLk;. tpUg;gKwpf; $l;lhz;ikapy; $l;lhsp xUtu; kw;w $l;lhspfSf;F mwpf;if
tpLj;J $l;lhz;ikiaf; fiyf;fyhk;.
12. rpwe;j kf;fs; njhlu;G:
$l;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpy; mjpf $l;lhspfs;
,Ug;gjhy; gzpahsu;fs;> Efu;Nthu;> muR kw;Wk; nghJkf;fs; MfpNahUld; Neub
njhlu;G Vw;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; tpahghuj;jpd; ew;ngau; NkYk; cau;fpwJ.
FiwghLfs;:
1. tiuawhg; nghWg;G:
$l;lhspfspd; nghWg;G tiuawh $l;L kw;Wk; jdpg;
nghWg;ghFk;. $l;lhz;ikapy; Vw;gl;l fld;fSf;F $l;lhz;ikr; nrhj;J
kl;Lkpy;yhky; $l;lhspfspd; nrhe;j nrhj;Jk; ghjpf;fpwJ. xU $l;lhsp jhd; nra;ahj
jtwpdhy; Vw;gLk; ,og;igAk;> Vw;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.
2. Fiwthd epjp tsq;fs;:
$l;Lg; gq;F epWkj;Jld; xg;gpLk; nghOJ $l;lhz;ikapy;
mjpf Kjy; jpul;l tha;g;Gfs; FiwT.
$l;lhspfspd; fld; thq;Fk; jpwDk; FiwT.
3. cl;fpil MizAupikapd; mghak;:
xU $l;lhsp jd; eltbf;ifapd; %yk; gpw
$l;lhspfisr; rl;lg;gb fl;Lg;gLj;j KbAk;.
jpwikf;Fiwthd> Neu;ikaw;w xU $l;lhsp> jd; nra;ifahy; gpwUf;F
cl;fpil MizAupikapd; %yk; jPq;F Vw;gLj;j KbAk;. ,jdhy; xU Neu;ikahd $l;lhspapd;
nrhe;jr; nrhj;Jk; ghjpg;gilAk;.
4. ek;gpf;ifapd;ik:
$l;lhspfspilNa Vw;gLk; ek;gpf;ifapd;ik
$l;lhz;ikf; fiyg;gpw;F xU Kf;fpa fhuzkhf mikfpwJ. $l;lhspfspilNa Vw;gLk; fUj;J
NtWghl;lhy; mtu;fs; xw;Wikahf ,Ug;gJ fbdk;. $l;lhspfSf;fpilNa Vw;gLk;
ek;gpf;ifapd;ikAk;> fUj;J NtWghLfSk;
$l;lhz;ik fiyg;gpw;F toptFf;Fk;.
5.cupik khw;wj; jil:
kw;w $l;lhspfspd; xg;Gjiyg; ngwhky; xU
$l;lhsp jdf;Fs;s cupikia kw;wtUf;F khw;wpj;ju ,ayhJ.,jdhy; xU $l;lhsp jhd;
tpUk;Gk; NghJ Kjy; njhifiaj; jpUk;g ngWtJk; fbdk;.
6. ePbj;j tho;tpd;ik:
xU
$l;lhspapd; kuzk;> nehbg;Gepiy> kdepiy ghjpg;G Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy;
$l;lhz;ik KbTf;F tUk;. $l;lhspfSf;F tpahghuj;jpy; jpUg;jp ,y;iynadpy;
tpahghuj;ijf; fiyj;J tplyhk;. ,t;thwhf $l;lhz;ikapd; tho;T FiwthfNt cs;sJ.
3.$l;lhspfspd; chpikfs; flikfs;
Mfpatw;iw tptup?
$l;lhspfspd; chpikfs;:
xt;nthU $l;lhspf;Fk;
1.
njhopiy
elj;jTk;> Nkyhz;ik nra;aTk; chpik cz;L.
2.
epWtdj;
njhlh;ghd gpur;ridfSf;F jq;fs; fUj;jpid njhptpf;f; chpikAz;L.
3.
Kf;fpa
KbTfis vLf;Fk; Kd;dh; jq;fis fye;jhNyhrpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $w chpik cz;L.
4.
epWtd
VLfisAk;> fzf;FfisAk;> efnyLf;f chpik cz;L.
5.
njhopypd;
,yhgj;ij xg;Gf; nfhz;lgbNah (m)
rkkhfNth gfpu;e;J nfhs;s chpik cz;L.
6.
md;whl
tpahghuj;jpw;fhf jhk; nra;j nryTf;F <l;Lhpik ngw chpik cz;L.
7.
njhopYf;F
toq;fpa fld; kw;Wk Kd; gzk; kPJ 6 % tl;b ngw;w cupik cz;L.
8.
epWtdr;
nrhj;Jfis gad;gLj;j cupik cz;L
9.
jq;fspd;
xg;Gjy; ,d;wp Gjpa $l;lhspfis epWtdj;jpy; Nru;g;gijj; jLg;gjw;F cupik cz;L
10.
epWtdj;jpypUe;J
Xa;T ngw cupik cz;L.
$l;lhspapd; flikfs;:
$l;lhspapd; flikfis KOikahd flikfs;>
tuk;Gf;Fl;gl;l flikfs; vd ,uz;L tiffshfg; gpupf;fyhk;.
(I) KOikahd flikfs;:
rl;lj;jhy; epue;jukhff; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s
flikfs; KOikahd flikfs; MFk;. ,tw;iw $l;lhspfspd; cld;ghl;lhy; khw;w KbahJ.
xt;nthU
$l;lhspAk;>
1.
jq;fSila
flikfis ftd Fiwtpd;wpAk;> ehzakhfTk;> midj;Jf; $l;lhspfspd; eyDf;fhf
epiwNtw;w Ntz;L;k;.
2.
kw;w
$l;lhspfsplk; tpRthrkhfTk;> cz;ikahfTk;> ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
3.
NtWtifapy;
cld;ghL ,y;yhj NghJ> $l;lhspfs; epWtd el;lj;ijr; rkkhf gfpu;e;J nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.
4.
jdf;F
xg;gilf;fg;gl;l mjpfhu tuk;Gf;Fs; nray;gl Ntz;Lk;.
5.
njhopy;
eltbf;ifapy; jhd; mwpe;J nra;j jtwpdhy; Vw;gLk; el;lj;jpid epWtdj;jpw;F<l;LWjp
nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
6.
gpw
$l;lhspfspd; rk;kjkpd;wp> xU $l;lhsp jd; gq;fpid gpwUf;F khw;wf; $lhJ.
7.
njhopy;
rhu;e;j fzf;Ffis cz;ikahfTk;> rupahfTk;> itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
8.
$l;lhz;ikj;
njhopYf;Fg; Nghl;bahf vj;njhopiyAk;> xU
$l;lhsp elj;jf; $lhJ
9.
epWtdr;
nrhj;Jf;fis> njhopYf;fhfTk;> epWtd ed;ikf;fhfTk;> kl;LNk gad;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;.
10.
vf;$l;lhspAk;
nfhs;Kjy; kPjhd juF my;yJ tpw;gid juF Nghd;w ,ufrpa ,yhgq;fis <l;lf;$lhJ.
(II) tuk;Gf;Fl;gl;l flikfs;:
rl;lk; toq;fpAs;s flikfisf; $l;lhspfs;
jq;fs; cld;ghl;lhy; khw;wp mikj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.
4. $l;lhz;ik epWtdk; fiyf;fg;gLk;
#o;epiyfistptup?
$l;lhz;ik
epWtdk; gpd;tUk; #o;epiyfspy; fiyf;fg;gLfpwJ. mit>
1. $l;lhspfspd; cld;ghl;lhy; fiyg;G
(gphpT 40)
xU $l;lhz;ik epWtdk; cld;ghl;lhy;
cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ> mjd; gbNa fiyf;fTk; gllyhk;. midj;J $l;lhspfSf;Fs; Vw;gLk;
cld;ghl;lhy; $l;lhz;ik epWtdk; fiyf;fg;glyhk;.
2. fl;lhaf; fiyg;G (gphpT 41)
midj;Jf; $l;lhspAk; nehbg;G epiy
mile;Jtpl;lhYk; nra;J tUk; njhopy; rl;lj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghdjhf ,Ue;jhYk;>
epWtdk; fl;lhakhf fiyf;fg;gLk;.
vLj;Jfhl;lhf
kJ tpyf;F rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gLjy;;;> kw;nwhU ehl;Lld; Nghh; Vw;gLjy;.
3. rpy
epfo;r;rpfs; epfo;TWtjhy; fiyg;G (gphpT 42)
fPo;fhZk;
epfo;r;rp epfo;tjhy; xU epWtdk;
fiyf;fg;glyhk;.
- xU $l;lhsp
,we;Jtpl;lhy;>
- Fwpg;gpl;l fhyf;
$l;lhz;ikahf ,Ue;jhy; mf;fhyk; Kbtile;jTld;>
- Fwpg;gpl;l
njhopy; $l;lhz;ikahf ,Ue;jhy; mj;njhopy; Kbtile;jTld;>
- xU $l;lhsp
nehbg;G epiy mile;J tpl;ljhf ePjp kd;wj;jPh;g;G toq;fg;gl;bUg;gpd;> ...$l;lhz;ik
fiyf;fg;gLk;.
4. tpUg;gKwpf; $l;lhz;ik
mwptpf;ifahy; fiyg;G (gphpT 43)
tpUg;g Kwpf; $l;lhz;ikapy;> $l;lhsp
xUtu; epWtdj;ijf; fiyf;Fk;gb gpw $l;lhspfSf;F vOj;J %yk; Nfhhpf;if tpLj;jhy;
epWtdk; fiyf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
5. ePjpkd;wj;jhy; fiyg;G : (gphpT
44)
ePjp kd;wj;jpy; $l;lhsp xUth; fPo;fhZk;
fhuzq;fSf;fhf tof;F njhlh;e;J epWtdj;ij fiyf;fyhk;.
1.
$l;lhspapd; kdepiy ghjpg;G:
$l;lhspfspy; vtNuDk; xUtu; kdepiy
ghjpg;gile;J tpl;lhy; ePjpkd;wk; fiyg;gpw;fhd Mizia gpwg;gpf;fyhk;.
2.
epiyahd jpwikapd;ik:
$l;lhsp xUth; jpwikahf njhopy; nra;Ak; epiyia
,oe;jpUe;jhy; ePjpkd;wk; fiyg;gjw;fhd Mizia gpwg;gpf;Fk;.
3.
cld;ghl;il njhlu;e;J kPWif:
$l;lhz;ikapd; cld;ghl;il xU $l;lhsp njhlu;e;J
kPwpf; nfhz;bUe;jhy; mtUld; $l;lhz;ikj; njhopy; nra;a ,ayhnjd Vida $l;lhspfs;
fUjp mtu;fSs; vtNuDk; xUtu; $l;lhz;ikia fiyf;ff; Nfhup ePjpkd;wj;ij mZfyhk;.
4.
$l;lhsp xUtupd; xOf;ff; NfL:
$l;lhspfSs; xUtu;> xOf;ff; Nflhd Fw;wj;ij
nra;jpUg;gpd; Vida $l;lhspfsps; xUtu; $l;lhz;ikia fiyf;ff; Nfhup tof;Fj;
njhLf;fyhk;.
5.
cupik khw;wk;:
$l;lhsp xUtu;> njhopypy; jdf;Fupa cupik
KOtijAk;> gpw $l;lhspfspd; mDkjpapd;wp kw;wtUf;F khw;wpf; nfhLj;J tpl;lhy; Vida $l;lhspfs;
$l;;lhz;ikia fiyf;ff; Nfhup ePjp kd;wj;ij mZfyhk;.
6. ePjp
Neu;ik mbg;gilapy;:
epWtdj;ijf; fiyj;jplg; Nghjpa mbg;gilf;
fhuzKs;sJ vd;W ePjp kd;wk; fUjpdhy;> $l;lhz;ik fiyf;fg;glyhk;.
v.fh: A,B vd;gtu;fs; xU $l;lhz;ikapd; ,U $l;lhspfs;.
mtu;fs; xUtUf;F xUtu; Ngrpf; nfhs;tjpy;iy vdpy; ePjpkd;wk; epWtdj;ij fiyj;jpl
Mizaplyhk;.
6.$l;lhz;ik> jdpahs; thzpfk;
xg;G Nehf;Ff?
xw;Wikfs;:
|
1.
|
mikg;gJ vspik
|
:
|
,U njhopy;fisAk; rl;l
rpf;fy; VJkpd;wp vspjpy; mikj;J tplyhk;.
|
|
2.
|
nefpo;Tj; jd;ik
|
:
|
Njitg;gLk;NghJ
njhopy;fis khw;wpf;nfhs;s ,uz;L mikg;GfspYk; tha;g;Gs;sJ.
|
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3.
|
ePbj;j tho;T ,d;ik
|
:
|
,t;tpU mikg;GfSf;Fk;
ePbj;j tho;T fpilahJ.
|
|
4.
|
tiuawhg; nghWg;G
|
:
|
,U mikg;GfspYk;
cupikahsu;fspd; nghWg;G tiuaWf;fg;glhjjhFk;.
|
|
5.
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njhopy; msT
|
:
|
,uz;bYk; NgusTj;
njhopypy;iy.
|
|
6.
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muRf; fl;Lg;ghL
|
:
|
,uz;bYk; muRf;
fl;Lg;ghL ,y;iy.
|
|
7.
|
jzpf;if
|
:
|
,uz;bYk; fl;lha
jzpf;if ,y;iy.
|
|
8.
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jdpf;ftdk;
|
:
|
,uz;bYk; cupikahsu;fs;
jdpf;ftdk; nrYj;j ,aYk;.
|
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9.
|
thbf;ifahsuplk; Neubj; njhlu;G
|
:
|
,uz;L mikg;gpYk;
thbf;ifahsUld; Neubj; njhlh;G fpilf;fpwJ.
|
|
10.
|
Copah;fsplk; neUq;fpa cwT
|
:
|
,U mikg;GfspYk;
gzpahsh;fsplk; neUq;fpa cwT Vw;gLfpwJ.
|
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11.
|
chpikAk; fl;Lg;ghLk;
|
:
|
,uz;bYk; chpikAk;
fl;Lg;ghLk; Nrh;e;Nj cs;sJ.
|
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12.
|
gjpT
|
:
|
,uz;L mikg;igAk; gjpT
nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba fl;lhakpy;iy.
|
|
t.
vz;
|
jd;ikfs;
|
$l;lhz;ik
|
jdpahs;
thzpfk;
|
|
1.
|
rl;lk;
|
,e;jpaf; $l;lhz;ikr;
rl;lk; 1932 d;gb xOq;FgLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
|
jdpr;rl;lk; VJkpy;iy.
|
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2.
|
cWg;gpdh; vz;zpf;if
|
Fiwe;j msT 2 egu;fs;.
mjpf msT tq;fpj; njhopy; vdpy; 10 egu;fs;. tq;fpj; njhopy; my;yhj gpw njhopy; vdpy; 20 egu;fs;.
|
xUth; kl;LNk
|
|
3.
|
cld;Gal
|
,J cld;ghl;lhy;
cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ
|
cld;ghL Njitapy;iy.
|
|
4.
|
gjpT
|
gjpT fl;lhakpy;iy.
|
gjpT Njitapy;iy
|
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5.
|
chpikAk; fl;Lg;ghLk;
|
;chpikAk;>
fl;LghLk; $l;lhspfsplk; cs;sJ.
|
chpikAk;> fl;LghLk;
jdp eguplk; cs;sJ.
|
|
6.
|
Nkyhz;ik
|
midj;Jf;
$l;lhspfSf;Fk; Nkyhz;ikapy; gq;Nfw;f cupik cz;L.
|
jdpeguhy; Nkyhz;ik
nra;ag; gLfpwJ.
|
|
7.
|
Kjy;
|
,jpy; xd;Wf;Fk;
Nkw;gl;l egh;fs; KjypLfpwhh;fs;.
|
xU egh; kl;Lk;
KjypLthh;
|
|
8.
|
nghWg;G
|
tiuawh $l;L kw;Wk;
jdpg; nghWg;ghFk;.
|
Tiuawh jdp egu;
nghWg;G.
|
|
9.
|
Kfik cwT
|
xt;nthU $l;lhspAk;
$l;lhz;ikapd; Kjy;tuhfTk; kw;w $l;lhspfspd; KftuhfTk; fUjg;gLfpwhh;.
|
jhNd Kftuhf
nray;glyhk; my;yJ xU Kftiu epakpj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.
|
|
10.
|
,yhgg;gfph;T
|
xg;Gf;nfhz;l
tpfpjj;jpy; ,yhg> el;lj;ij gfph;e;J
nfhs;thh;fs;.
|
,yhg> el;lj;ij
xUtNu Vw;f Ntz;Lk;.
|
|
11.
|
KbntLj;jy;
|
midj;Jf; $l;lhspfspd;
xg;Gjypd; Nghpy;> Kf;fpa KbTfs; vLg;gjhy; fhy jhkjk; Vw;gLk;.
|
ahiuAk; fye;J MNyhrid
nra;a Ntz;bajpy;iy. vdNt tpiuthf KbT vLf;fyhk;.
|
|
12.
|
Ntiyg;
gFg;G
|
$l;lhspfs; Ntiyiag;
gfph;e;J nfhs;thh;fs;.
|
jdpegh; vd;gjhy;
Ntiyg;gfph;T ,y;iy.
|
|
13.
|
njhopy; ,ufrpak;
|
$l;lhz;ikapy; njhopy;
,ufrpaq;fis fhj;jy; fbdk;
|
njhopy; ,ufrpaq;fis
fhj;jy; vspJ.
|
|
14.
|
nghUshjhu typik
|
gy chpikahsh;fs;
vd;gjhy; nghUshjhu typikAilaJ.
|
xU egh; vd;gjhy;
nghUshjhu typik FiwT
|
|
15.
|
tho;T
|
epiyj;jd;ik FiwT
|
epiyaw;wJ
|
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